Samuel Clarke (1599-1682)
An industrious puritan and preacher.“Pride, ambition, rebellion, infidelity, ingratitude, idolatry, concupiscense, theft, apostasy, unnatural affections, violation of the Covenant, an universal renunciation of God’s mercy promised, and the like, were those woeful ingredients of which the first sin was compounded, in the committing whereof we were all sharers, because Adam’s person was the fountain of ours, and his will the representative of ours.”
His Works:
The Works of Samuel Clarke available in old English:
1. A generall martyrologie : containing a collection of all the greatest persecutions which have befallen the church of Christ from the creation to our present times, whereunto are added, The lives of sundry modern divines, famous in their generations for learning and piety, and most of them sufferers in the cause of Christ (London : A.M. for Thomas Underhill, 1651) PDF Google Books
2. Golden apples, or, Seasonable and serious counsel from the sanctuary to the rulers of the earth (London : Tho. Ratcliffe, 1659) PDF Google Books
3. The lives of sundry eminent persons in this later age: in two part, I. Of divines ; II. Of nobility and gentry of both sexes (London : Thomas Simmons, 1683) PDF Google Books
4. The lives of two and twenty English divines … (A. M. for Thomas Underhill and John Rothwell, 1660) PDF Google Books
5. The marrow of ecclesiastical historie, conteined in the lives of the fathers and other learned men and famous divines which have flourished in the Church since Christ’s time to this present age. Faithfully collected out of several authors and orderly disposed according to the centuries wherein they lived. Together with the livelie effigies of most of the eminentest of them cut in copper (London : W. Du-gard, 1650) PDF Internet archive
6. The marrow of ecclesiastical history, contained in the lives of one hundred forty eight fathers, schoolmen, first reformers, and modern divines which have flourished in the Church since Christ’s time to this present age: faithfully collected and orderly disposed according to the centuries wherein they lived : together with the lively effigies of most of the eminentest of them cut in copper, 2nd ed. / London: T.V., 1654 Copies PDF Google Books
- [1671] A true and full narrative of those two never to be forgotten deliverances one from the Spanish Invasion in 88, the other from the hellish Powder Plot, November 5, 1605 : whereunto is added the like narrative of that signal judgment of God upon the papists, by the fall of the House in Black-Friers, London, upon their fifth of November, 1623 / collected for the information and benefit of each family, by Sam. Clark …
- [1670] A true and faithful account of the four chiefest plantations of the English in America to wit, of Virginia, New-England, Bermudus, Barbados : with the temperature of the air, the nature of the soil, the rivers, mountains, beasts, fowls, birds, fishes, trees, plants, fruits, &c. : as also, of the natives of Virginia, and New-England, their religion, customs, fishing, hunting, &c. / collected by Samuel Clarke …
- [1699] Three practical essays … containing instructions for a holy life, with earnest exhortations, especially to young persons, drawn from the consideration of the severity of the discipline of the primitive church / by Samuel Clark …
- [1642] The saints nosegay, or, A posie of 741 spirituall flowers both fragrant and fruitfull, pleasant and profitable / collected and composed by Samuel Clark.
- [1689] A new description of the world, or, A compendious treatise of the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, countries, islands, cities, and towns of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America in their scituation, product, manufactures, and commodities, geographical and historical : with an account of the natures of the people in their habits, customes, warrs, religions, and policies &c. : as also of the rarities, wonders, and curiosities of fishes, beasts, birds, rivers, mountains, plants, &c., with several remarkable revolutions and delightful histories / faithfully collected from the best authors by S. Clark.
- [1654] A mirrour or looking-glasse both for saints and sinners held forth in about two thousand examples wherein is presented as Gods wonderful mercies to the one, so his severe judgments against the other collected out of the most classique authors both ancient and modern with some late examples observed by my self : whereunto are added the wonders of nature and the rare … / by Samuel Clark …
- [1659] Medulla theologiæ, or, The marrow of divinity contained in sundry questions and cases of conscience, both speculative and practical : the greatest part of them collected out of the works of our most judicious, experienced and orthodox English divines, the rest are supplied by the authour / by Sa. Clarke …
- [1654] The marrow of ecclesiastical history contained in the lives of one hundred forty eight fathers, schoolmen, first reformers and modern divines which have flourished in the Church since Christ’s time to this present age : faithfully collected and orderly disposed according to the centuries wherein they lived, together with the lively effigies of most of the eminentest of them cut in copper / by Samuel Clark.
- [1674] A looking-glass for persecutors containing multitudes of examples of God’s severe, but righteous judgments, upon bloody and merciless haters of His children in all times, from the beginning of the world to this present age : collected out of the sacred Scriptures, and other ecclesiastical writers, both ancient and modern / by Sam. Clarke …
- [1660] The lives of two and twenty English divines eminent in their generations for learning, piety, and painfulnesse in the work of the ministry, and for their sufferings in the cause of Christ : whereunto are annexed the lives of Gaspar Coligni, that famous admirall of France, slain in the Parisian massacre, and of Joane Queen of Navarr, who died a little before / by Samuel Clarke …
- [1675] The lives & deaths of most of those eminent persons who by their virtue and valour obtained the sirnames of Magni,or the Great whereof divers of them give much light to the understanding of the prophecies in Esay, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel, concerning the three first monarchies : and to other Scriptures concerning the captivity, and restauration of the Jews / by Samuel Clark …
- [1653] The life of Tamerlane the Great with his wars against the great Duke of Moso, the King of China, Bajazet the Great Turk, the Sultan of Egypt, the King of Persia, and some others … : wherein are rare examples of heathenish piety, prudence, magnanimity, mercy, liberality, humility, justice, temperance, and valour.
- [1673] The life and death of the thrice noble and illustrious Edvvard, surnamed the Black Prince son to our victorious King Edward the Third, by whom he was made the First Knight of the most honourable Order of the Garter / by Samuel Clark …
- [1665] The life and death of Pompey the Great with all his glorious victories and triumphs : as also the Life and death of Artaxerxes Mnemon, one of the great Persian emperours / by Sa. Clarke, sometime pastor in St. Bennet Finck London.
- [1671] The life & death of William, surnamed the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, who dyed Anno Christi, 1087 by Samuel Clarke …
- [1671] The life & death of the valiant and renowned Sir Francis Drake his voyages and discoveries in the West-Indies, and about the world, with his noble and heroick acts / by Samuel Clark …
- [1664] The life & death of Nebuchadnezzar, the Great, the first founder of the Babylonian Empire, represented by the golden head of that image, Dan. 2. 32., and by the lion with eagles wings, Dan. 7. 4. as also of Cyrus, the Great, the first founder of the Empire of the Medes and Persians, represented by the breast, and arms of silver in that image, Dan. 2. 32., and by a bear, Dan. 7. by Sa. Clarke …
- [1665] The life & death of Julius Cæsar, the first founder of the Roman empire as also, The life and death of Augustus Cæsar, in whose raign [sic] Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Chri[s]t was borne / by Sa. Clarke …
- [1665] The life & death of Hannibal, the great captain of the Carthaginians who maintained wars against all the power of Rome for eighteen years together in Italy : as also The life and death of Epaminondas, the great captain of the Thebans … / by Sa. Clarke …
- [1665] The life & death of Alexander the Great, the first founder of the Grecian empire … as also, The life and death of Charles the Great, commonly called Charlemagne, the first founder of the French empire / by Sa. Clarke …
- [1682] The history of the glorious life, reign, and death of the illustrious Queen Elizabeth containing an account by what means the Reformation was promoted and established, and what obstructions it met with, the assistance she gave to all Protestants abroad, the several attempts of the papists upon her life, the excommunications of Rome, Bishop Jewel’s challenge to the papists, the several victories she gained, and more particularly that in 1588 … / by S. Clark ; illustrated with pictures of some considerable matters, curiously ingraven in copper plates.
- [1653] An item against sacriledge: or, Sundry queries concerning tithes. Wherein is held forth, the propriety and title that ministers have to them. The mischiefs which would ensue if tithes were brought into a common treasury, and ministers reduced to stipends. The danger of gratifying the petitioners against tithes, and all imposed maintenance. Collected and composed by one that hath no propriety in tithes.
- [1690] The historian’s guide, or, Britain’s remembrancer being a summary of all the actions, exploits, sieges, battels, designs, attempts, preferments, honours, changes &c. and whatever else is worthy notice that hath happen’d in His Majesty’s kingdoms from Anno. Dom. 1600 to this time : shewing the year, month and day of the month in which each action was done : with an alphabeticall table for the more easie finding any thing out.
- [1657] A geographicall description of all the countries in the known vvorld as also of the greatest and famousest cities and fabricks which have been, or are now remaining : together with the greatest rivers, the strangest fountains, the various minerals, stones, trees … which are to be found in every country : unto which is added, a description of the rarest beasts, fowls … which are least known amongst us / collected out of the most approved authors … by Sa. Clarke …
- [1660] A generall martyrologie containing a collection of all the greatest persecutions which have befallen the church of Christ from the creation to our present times, both in England and other nations : whereunto are added two and twenty lives of English modern divines … : as also the life of the heroical Admiral of France slain in the partisan massacre and of Joane Queen of Navar poisoned a little before / by Sa. Clarke.
- [1643] Englands covenant proved lawful and necessary also at this time both by Scripture and reason together with sundry answers to the usual objections made against it / by S.C.
- [1677] England’s remembrancer a true and full narrative of those two never to be forgotten deliverances : one from the Spanish invasion in 88, the other from the hellish Powder Plot, November 5, 1605 : whereunto is added the like narrative of that signal judgment of God upon the papists by the fall of the house in Black-Fryers London upon their fifth of November, 1623 / collected for the information and benefit of each family by Sam. Clark.
- [1672] A description of the seaventeen provinces commonly called the Low-Countries (the present stage of action) as also of the rivers, cities, commodities, strong towns, forts, and other things remarkable therein.
- [1662] A collection of the lives of ten eminent divines famous in their generations for learning, prudence, piety, and painfulness in the work of the ministry : whereunto is added the life of Gustavus Ericson, King of Sueden, who first reformed religion in that kingdome, and of some other eminent Christians / by Sa. Clarke …
- [1664] The blessed life and meritorious death of Our Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ, from His conception to His cross, and from His cross to His crown together with the series, and order of His ministery, and miracles, as they are recorded by the four Evangelists, wherein what is wanting in one is supplied out of the other / by Sam. Clarke …
- [1655] Christian good-fellowship, or, Love and good works held forth in a sermon preached at Michael’s Cornhill London before the gentlemen natives of Warwickshire at their feast November the 30, 1654 / by Samuell Clarke.
- [1659] A caution against sacriledge: or Sundry queries concerning tithes. Wherein is held forth the propriety, and title that ministers have to them, the mischiefs which would ensue if tithes were brought into a common treasury, and ministers reduced to stipends. The danger of gratifying the petitioners against tithes, and all imposed maintenance. And something of the spirit and end of their actings. Collected, and composed by the one that hath no propriety in tithes, and humbly tendred to this present Parliament.
- [1659] An antidote against immoderate mourning for the dead. Being a funeral sermon preached at the burial of Mr. Thomas Bewley junior, December 17th. 1658. By Sa. Clarke, pastor in Bennet Fink, London.
- [1665] A briefe and yet exact and accurate description of the present state of the great & mighty empire of Germany both touching the formes of their civil government and profession in religion / taken by a diligent and faithfull surveyor of it, with much paines travelled over that whole country to informe himself and others of these things ; now published by Sa. Clarke … for the publick good.
- [1682] Aurea Legenda, or Apothegms, sentences, and sayings of many wise and learned men, useful for all sorts of persons Collected out of many authors by Sa. Clark, sometimes pastor in B.F.
Biography of Samuel Clarke (1599–1683):
Samuel Clarke (1599–1683), divine, born 10 Oct. 1599 at Wolston, Warwickshire, was the son of Hugh Clarke (d. 1634), who was vicar of Wolston for forty years. Clarke was educated by his father till he was thirteen; then at the free school in Coventry; and when seventeen was entered at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He was ordained about 1622, and held charges at Knowle, Warwickshire, Thornton-le-Moors, Cheshire, and Shotwick, a remote village on the estuary of the Dee. Here, 2 Feb. 1625-6, he married Katherine, daughter of Valentine Overton, rector of Bedworth, Warwickshire. Clarke had already given some offence by his puritan tendencies. He accepted a lectureship at Coventry, where he was opposed by Dr. Buggs, who held both the city churches. Buggs persuaded Bishop Morton to inhibit Clarke from preaching, and, though Archbishop Abbot had given him a license, Clarke had to leave Coventry. He was protected by Lord Brook, and finally accepted another lectureship in Warwick, where complaints were still made of his omission of ceremonies. On 23 April 1633 he was inducted to the rectory of Alcester, presented to him by Lord Brook. At ‘drunken Alcester,’ as it was called, Clarke make himself conspicuous by attacking James I’s ‘Book of Sports,’ set forth afresh by authority in 1634. In 1640 he was deputed with Arthur Salwey to visit Charles at York in order to complain of the ‘et cetera’ oath. The king made some difficulty in seeing them, but promised that they should not be molested till their petition could come before parliament. On 23 Oct. 1642 Baxter was preaching for Clarke at Alcester, when the guns of Edgehill were heard, and next day they rode over the battle-field. Clarke going to London soon afterwards was pressed to the curacy of St. Bennet Fink, in the gift of the chapter of Windsor. The former curate having been expelled, Clarke was elected in his place by the parishioners, and when the war was over resigned Alcester, which was pestered by ‘sectaries,’ in order to retain it. He occupied himself in writing books, dated from his study in Threadneedle Street.’ He was well known among the London clergy; was a governor and twice president of Sion College; and served on the committee of ordainers for London in 1643. He was one of the fifty-seven ministers who, 20 Jan. 1648-9, signed a protest against taking away the king*s life. He assisted in drawing up the ‘jus divinum ministerii evangelici,’ issued by the London Provincial Assembly in 1653, in defence of the regular ministry against the lay-preaching permitted by the independents. In 1654 he was an assistant to the parliamentary commission for the expulsion of scandalous ministers and schoolmasters in the city of London.
At the Restoration Clarke was deputed by the London ministers to congratulate the king; and he took part with Baxter and others in the fruitless Savoy conference. He was ejected in 1662, with two of his sons and four other members of his family. In 1665, with a few other nonconformists, he took the oath against resistance imposed by the Five Mile Act. Judge Keeling, before whom he appeared, congratulated the swearers upon their renunciation of the covenant. Clarke disavowed this interpretation, and to put his motives beyond suspicion retired to Hammersmith 24 April 1666. Before his ejection he married his friend Baxter to Margaret Charlton (10 Sept. 1662). Clarke continued to communicate at his parish church. He moved to Isleworth, and spent his time in compiling popular books, chiefly on biography. His wife died 21 June 1675, aged 73, and he wrote a touching life, saying that she had been ‘a spur and never a bridle to him in those things which were good.’ He died at Isleworth 25 Dec. 1683.
Clarke was a learned and industrious writer, and his original lives are frequently valuable. He takes as an appropriate name for a biographer the anagram ‘Su[c]k-all-Cream’ (Marrow, &c., 1675). Clarke’s biographical works are: 1. ‘A Mirrour or Looking-glass both for Saints and Sinners, held forth in some thousands of examples,’ 1646. The fourth edition (1671) includes a ‘Geographical description of all the countries in the known world,’ first issued separately in 1657. An account of the English plantations in America (1670) is often bound up with it. 2. ‘The Marrow of Ecclesiastical History . . . Lives of 148 Fathers, Schoolmen, modem Divines, &c.,’ 1649-1650; second enlarged edition in 1654, with portrait of author by Cross, introduction and complimentary verses by Calamy, Wall, &c. To the third edition in 1675 (with portrait by John Dunstall) are added lives of christian kings, emperors, &c., of ‘inferiour Christians, and of many who . . . obtained the surname of Great.’ Many of these had been separately issued. 3. ‘General Martyrologie,’ 1651, with portrait by Cross (complains that thirty-nine lives from the ‘Marrow’ have been reprinted in the ‘Abel Redivivus’). 4. ‘English Martyrologie,’ 1652. 5. ‘The Lives of Twenty-two English Divines,’ 1662. 6. ‘Lives of Ten eminent Divines’ (with some others), 1662 (portrait by Cross). 7. ‘Lives of Thirty-two English Divines,’ 3rd edition, 1670. 8. ‘Lives of sundry Eminent Persons in the later age’ (with the author’s life by himself, and preface by Baxter), 1683.
Clarke also published ‘England’s Remembrancer, a true and full Narrative of Deliveranances from the Spanish Invasion,’ and the powder plot, 1657 (and many later editions). Miscellaneous works are: 1. ‘ The Saints’ Nosegay. or a Poesie of 741 Spiritual Flowers,’ 1642 (privately reprinted, with a memoir, by the author’s descendant, G. T. C., in 1881). 2. ‘Medulla Theologiae, cases of conscience,’ in 1659. 3. ‘Golden Apples . . . counsel from the Sanctuary to the Rulers of the Earth against tolerating heresy,’ 1659. 4. ‘A Discourse against Toleration,’ 1660. 5. ‘Duty of every one intending to be saved,’ 1669 (privately reprinted by G. T. C. in 1882). 6. ‘The Soul’s Conflict ‘ (an account of author’s life prefixed), 1678. 7. ‘Precedents for Princes,’ ‘ 1680. 8. ‘Book of Apothegms,’ 1681, besides separate sermons.
[Autobiography prefixed to Lives; Memoir by G.T. C. as above; Palmer’s Memorial, i. 97-101; Granger’s Biog. Hist. (1779) iii. 320; Newcourt’s Repertorium. i. 199.]